Tạp chí Tim mạch học Việt Nam

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BÀI TỔNG QUAN Số phát hành: Số 122 - 2026 TIM MẠCH CAN THIỆP

Thời điểm can thiệp thay van động mạch chủ trong kỷ nguyên TAVI: Từ theo dõi chủ động đến can thiệp sớm dựa trên bằng chứng và cá thể hóa điều trị

Xuất bản: tháng 9 28, 2026
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Tóm tắt

Hẹp van động mạch chủ là bệnh van tim thường gặp nhất ở người cao tuổi và là một trong những nguyên nhân quan trọng gây suy tim, nhập viện và tử vong. Trong nhiều thập kỷ, chiến lược kinh điển đối với bệnh nhân hẹp van động mạch chủ nặng nhưng chưa có triệu chứng là theo dõi chủ động cho đến khi xuất hiện triệu chứng, giảm chức năng tâm thu thất trái hoặc các dấu hiệu nguy cơ cao. Sự phát triển nhanh của phương pháp thay van động mạch chủ qua ống thông (TAVI) đã làm thay đổi căn bản cán cân lợi ích - nguy cơ của can thiệp van, mở rộng chỉ định từ nhóm nguy cơ phẫu thuật cao sang trung bình, thấp và hiện nay là một số nhóm chưa có triệu chứng. Các thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên gần đây, gồm RECOVERY, AVATAR, EVOLVED và EARLY TAVR, cho thấy can thiệp sớm có thể giảm nhập viện vì suy tim hoặc biến cố tim mạch không dự kiến, trong khi lợi ích sống còn tổng thể vẫn chưa nhất quán. Bên cạnh đó, TAVR UNLOAD đặt ra câu hỏi mới về vai trò của TAVI ở bệnh nhân hẹp van động mạch chủ mức độ trung bình kèm suy tim phân suất tống máu giảm, nhưng chưa chứng minh được ưu thế rõ ràng so với theo dõi và điều trị nội khoa tối ưu. Bài tổng quan này cập nhật bằng chứng hiện nay về thời điểm can thiệp thay van động mạch chủ, nhấn mạnh vai trò của đánh giá đa phương thức, dấu ấn sinh học, tổn thương cơ tim, quản lý trọn đời sau thay van và cá thể hóa quyết định điều trị thông qua Heart Team. Trên cơ sở các khuyến cáo quốc tế và điều kiện thực hành tại Việt Nam, bài viết đề xuất một phác đồ thực hành nhằm tối ưu hóa thời điểm can thiệp, giảm nguy cơ can thiệp quá sớm hoặc quá muộn và hỗ trợ xây dựng hệ thống theo dõi bệnh van tim có chất lượng.

Từ khóa
hẹp van động mạch chủ TAVI SAVR can thiệp sớm theo dõi chủ động Heart Team biomarker xơ hóa cơ tim

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Tác giả

Phạm Mạnh Hùng: Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội;
Thời điểm can thiệp thay van động mạch chủ trong kỷ nguyên TAVI: Từ theo dõi chủ động đến can thiệp sớm dựa trên bằng chứng và cá thể hóa điều trị

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Số phát hành Số 122 - 2026
Category TIM MẠCH CAN THIỆP
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Chủ sở hữu bản quyền 2026 Tạp chí Tim mạch học Việt Nam