Abstract
Advancements in interventional techniques and optimal medical therapy have significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). At the forefront of these developments is intravascular imaging (IVI). Evidence has demonstrated that IVI-guided PCI reduces the risk of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis compared with angiography guidance alone. Reflecting this, the latest 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on chronic coronary syndromes and the 2025 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines on acute coronary syndromes both provide a Class I recommendation for using IVI in complex PCI. This review summarizes the latest guideline recommendations for the role of intravascular imaging in PCI, while also discussing scenarios not explicitly addressed in current guidelines.