Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a complex pathological condition with a relatively challenging diagnosis that requires a combination of various factors, including clinical presentation, imaging, and microbiology. The Duke criteria, initially introduced in 1994, have served as the foundation for diagnosing infective endocarditis. Over time, advancements in diagnostic tools, evolving epidemiological characteristics, and enhanced comprehension of the disease have prompted continuous improvements and revisions to these criteria. Therefore, the International Society of Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases (ISCVID) has developed new guidelines to enhance the diagnosis strategies for patients with infective endocarditis, which involve significant changes, including the introduction of new microbiological tests, imaging techniques, and surgical criteria.