Multimodality Imaging in Structural Heart Interventions: Current Role and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Cardiovascular imaging increasingly informs patient selection, procedural planning, real-time guidance, and outcome assessment in structural heart interventions. Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, intracardiac echocardiography, and cardiac CT provide complementary information on soft tissue, hemodynamics, and anatomy; cardiac magnetic resonance contributes functional and tissue characterization. Fusion imaging, artificial intelligence, and patient-specific simulation may support procedural workflows, but their clinical value requires validation using patient outcomes. This narrative review focuses on structural heart interventions; coronary interventions are outside its scope.