Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, et al. (2020). Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med, published online 13 March (doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994).
Vaduganathan M, Vardeny O, Michel T, et al. (2020). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med;382:1653–1659.
Wang Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, et al. (2018). Status of hypertension in China: results from the China Hypertension Survey, 2012-2015. Circulation;137:2344–2356.
6.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet; 395:497–506.
7.
Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, et al. (2020). Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med, published online 13 March (doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994).
Gaetano Ruocco et al. Hypertension prevalence in human coronavirus disease: the role of ACE system in infection spread and severity. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 95 (2020) 373–375.
Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. (2019). ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol;74:e177–232.
10.
Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, et al. (2020). SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell; 181:1–10.
11.
Furuhashi M, Moniwa N, Mita T, et al (2020). Urinary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in hypertensive patients may be increased by olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:15–21.
12.
Imai Y, Kuba K, Rao S, et al. (2020). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure. Nature; 436:112–116.
Phadke M, Saunik S. (2020). Rapid response: use of angiotensin receptor blockers such as Telmisartan, Losartsan in nCoV Wuhan Corona Virus infections—novel mode of treatment. Response to the emerging novel coronavirus outbreak. Br Med J; 368:m406.
14.
Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X. (2020). COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat Rev Cardiol, published online 5 March. (doi:10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5).
Gurwitz D. (2020). Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. Drug Dev Res 2020, published online 4 March; doi: 10.1002/ddr.21656.
Mancia G, Rea F, Ludergnani M, Apolone G, Corrao G. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockers and the risk of covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2431–2440.
18.
Reynolds HR, Adhikari S, Pulgarin C, Troxel AB, Iturrate E, Johnson SB, et al. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2441–2448.
19.
Mehta N, Kalra A, Nowacki AS, Anjewierden S, Han Z, Bhat P. Association of use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5:1020–1026.